This is a speculative article! Such detection technology does not seem to exist yet or it is so secret that few know about it!
Nuclear armed submarines are a major component of MAD (mutually assured destruction) to maintain peace!
However, I agree with the authors that it is only a matter of years or so that humans will be able to detect any submarine anywhere in the oceans no matter what the depth or stealth technology. One possible way to do it would be to place multiple sondes on the ocean floors in a regular (perhaps grid) pattern.
"... Make no mistake: modern submarines, especially nuclear-powered ones, are one of the most potent and effective weapon systems in today’s world. ...
Our analysis shows they might soon be so easily detected they could become billion-dollar coffins.
Both the greatest strength and greatest weakness of subs is their stealth. The best are fiendishly difficult to detect. They can be nearly anywhere in the vast expanse of the world’s oceans, so adversaries must protect against them everywhere.
But if subs can be detected, they become easy targets: large, slow-moving and vulnerable to attack from the surface. ...
But this tide is turning. Subs in the ocean are large, metallic anomalies that move in the upper portion of the water column. They produce more than sound. As they pass through the water, they disturb it and change its physical, chemical and biological signatures. They even disturb the earth’s magnetic field—and nuclear subs unavoidably emit radiation.
Science is learning to detect all these changes, to the point where the oceans of tomorrow may become ‘transparent’. The submarine era could follow the battleship era and fade into history. ..."
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