Good news! Again, lifestyle improvements (healthier diet, less stress, more physical exercise and so on) are confirmed to be very strong when it comes to healthy aging and long life. The way one ages is to a large extent a personal choice.
Notice this study is focused on epigenetic aging, which may or may not be a narrow focus of the complex process of aging.
"... Using a new class of DNA-based blood tests, they found that lifestyle interventions and certain drug treatments indeed appear to slow the aging process, while over-the-counter supplements don’t have much effect. ...
For their analysis, the researchers primarily used a type of blood-based biomarker known as epigenetic clocks, which estimate epigenetic or biological age by measuring the pattern of methyl groups (basic chemical structures that act like tags) attached to a person’s DNA.
As people age, these chemical tags change, previous research has shown. Successful anti-aging interventions can reverse the tags. Computer algorithms are then able to use the changes observed in these tags to estimate a person’s epigenetic “age.” ...
The researchers tested four categories of intervention: pharmacological drugs, lifestyle-based changes, over-the-counter supplements, and medical procedures. They found that lifestyle interventions, such as a combination of a healthy diet (whether it’s Mediterranean, low-carb, or low-fat) and exercise, consistently decreased epigenetic age.
Pharmacologic interventions — including metformin and semaglutide, prescription medications used for metabolic control and weight management, and anti-TNF therapies, which use biologic medications to target an immune system protein that triggers harmful inflammation — decreased epigenetic age the most. (TNF, or tumor necrosis factor, is an immune-system protein that helps fight inflammation-related injury.) ..."
From the abstract:
"Aging biomarkers can potentially allow researchers to rapidly monitor the impact of an aging intervention without the need for decade-spanning trials.
However, before the use of aging biomarkers, such as epigenetic clocks, as surrogate endpoints, their responsiveness to interventions that target aging must be tested.
Here we curate TranslAGE, a harmonized database of 51 public and private longitudinal interventional studies, and calculate a consistent set of 16 prominent epigenetic clocks for each study, along with 94 other DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers that can help explain the changes observed for each clock.
Using this database, we discover patterns of responsiveness across a variety of interventions and DNAm biomarkers.
For example, clocks trained to predict mortality or pace of aging show the strongest responses across all interventions and show consistent results with one another;
pharmacological and lifestyle interventions drive the strongest responses from DNAm biomarkers; and the characteristics of the study population and study duration are key factors in determining the responsiveness of DNAm biomarkers to an intervention.
Moreover, clocks with multiple subscores (that is ‘explainable clocks’) provide specificity and greater mechanistic insight into the responsiveness of interventions than single-score clocks.
These findings can help to design future clinical trials by guiding the choice of interventions and of specific subsets of DNAm biomarkers to minimize multiple testing, study duration, study population and sample size, with the eventual aim of uncovering DNAm biomarkers that can be used as surrogate aging endpoints."
Can you slow the aging process? Study reveals which interventions might help | Yale News "A new Yale analysis found that diet, exercise, and some medications can slow the aging process, while over-the-counter supplements appear to have little effect."
Fig. 1: Current paradigms to study the responsiveness of DNAm biomarkers and their limitations.
Fig. 3: Interventions and their effects on 16 prominent DNAm biomarkers.