Lakes release large amounts of CO2, now we know why

We do not even understand all the natural sources of CO2 very well!

Global Warming is a hoax and Climate Change is a religion!

"A new study has uncovered the missing science behind why some lakes around the world emit such large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Lakes are unlikely sources of substantial amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. But the exact mechanisms at work hadn’t been fully understood ...

The study was based around Lake Geneva, which borders France and Switzerland, and is one of western Europe’s largest lakes.

“Our results not only explain the carbon cycle in Lake Geneva, they also reveal a universal process that applies to several of the world’s great lakes,” ...

They found that when bedrock in Lake Geneva’s catchment is exposed to rainwater it releases bicarbonate and calcium ions, which flow into the lake.

In the summertime, heat and algal growth change the pH of the water and catalyse a chemical reaction which turns these ions into microparticles of calcium carbonate. This is known as calcite precipitation, and the reaction also releases CO2. ..."

From the abstract:

"Lakes emit substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, but why they do remains debated. The long-standing vision of lakes as solely respirators of the organic matter leaking from the soils has been challenged by evidence that inorganic carbon produced by weathering of the catchment bedrock could also support lake CO2 emissions. How inorganic carbon inputs ultimately generate lake CO2 outgassing remains a blind spot. We develop and introduce a calcite module in a coupled one-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model that we use to simulate the carbon cycle of the large Lake Geneva over the past 40 years. We mechanistically demonstrate how the so-far neglected process of calcite precipitation boosts net CO2 emissions at the annual scale. Far from being anecdotal, we show that calcite precipitation could explain CO2 outgassing across various lakes globally, including some of the largest lakes in the world."

Lakes release large amounts of CO2, now we know why

Calcite precipitation: The forgotten piece of lakes’ carbon cycle (open access)

Fig. 3. CO2 supersaturation as a function of alkalinity level.

The carbon cycle with respect to the oceans revisited

Yesterday, I watched the following German language report about new scientific studies showing that the absorption of CO2 by the oceans might be much larger than previously believed!

We still know very little about the very complex phenomenon climate. Therefore, Global Warming is a hoax and Climate Change is a religion!

Yes, the very basic principles of the carbon cycle have been understood beginning with the works by Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Priestley, and popularized by Humphry Davy. However, the accurate global quantification of the effects are still uncertain.

I have actually blogged here about this subject before in August of 2021.

Climate models are junk! This is another confirmation! It appears, these models have systematically and considerably underestimated this absorption.

I don't have the time to go through several scientific studies here. 

Here is a list of links to these studies copied from the YouTube link below:

van Marle et al. 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s4158... Wirtz et al. 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s4155...

Lomas et al. 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s4146... Larsson et al. 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s4146...

Credits: (71) Natur schluckt wohl deutlich mehr CO2 als gedacht - Klimaschau 138 - YouTube

Natur schluckt wohl deutlich mehr CO2 als gedacht - Klimaschau 138

Sehr empfehlenswert! Wir wissen immer noch viel zu wenig über den globalen Kohlenstoffzyklus insbesondere die CO2 Aufnahme durch die Ozeane.

Zur Erinnerung: Global Warming is a hoax and Climate Change is a religion

Study reveals uncertainty in how much carbon the ocean absorbs over time

Very recommendable! Climate science is not exact! It is too complex! Uncertainty rules!

What are the implications? Global Warming is a hoax! Climate Change is a religion!

"Climate projections could be off by five years, researchers find." Just by five years, hm! Probably, a lot more years!

"The ocean’s “biological pump” describes the many marine processes that work to take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transport it deep into the ocean, where it can remain sequestered for centuries. This ocean pump is a powerful regulator of atmospheric carbon dioxide and an essential ingredient in any global climate forecast.
But a new MIT study points to a significant uncertainty in the way the biological pump is represented in climate models today. Researchers found that the “gold standard” equation used to calculate the pump’s strength has a larger margin of error than previously thought, and that predictions of how much atmospheric carbon the ocean will pump down to various depths could be off by 10 to 15 parts per million. ...
But in 2018, Cael and co-author Kelsey Bisson showed that the power law derived to explain the Martin curve was not the only equation that could fit the observations. The power law is a simple mathematical relationship that assumes that particles fall faster with depth. But Cael found that several other mathematical relationships, each based on different mechanisms for how marine snow sinks and is remineralized, could also explain the data. ..."

Unfortunately, this article appears not to provide a link to the underlying research study! Very regrettable! Quite an omission! Here is the article, I found:

Impact of remineralization profile shape on the air‐sea carbon balance

From the research article's abstract:

"... However, the complexity and variability of processes involved introduces uncertainty in interpretation of transient observations and future climate projections. Much work has focused on “parametric uncertainty”, particularly determining the exponent(s) of a power‐law relationship of sinking particle flux with depth. Varying this relationship's functional form introduces additional “structural uncertainty”. We use an ocean biogeochemistry model substituting six alternative remineralization profiles fit to a reference power‐law curve, to systematically characterize structural uncertainty, which, in atmospheric pCO2 terms, is roughly 50% of parametric uncertainty associated with varying the power‐law exponent within its plausible global range, and similar to uncertainty associated with regional variation in power‐law exponents. The substantial contribution of structural uncertainty to total uncertainty highlights the need to improve characterization of biological pump processes, and compare the performance of different profiles within Earth System Models to obtain better constrained climate projections."

Study reveals uncertainty in how much carbon the ocean absorbs over time | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology Climate projections could be off by five years, researchers find.

The Carbon cycle and the Global Warming hoax

The carbon cycle is probably one of the most important concepts on which the Global Warming hoax and the Climate Change religion relies on. The story about carbon sources and sinks etc.

I have a strong hunch that this carbon cycle narrative does not hold up to close scrutiny. The science is very far from settled! There is still too much we do not know about it and which we can not exactly quantify (margins of error are probably huge)! 

"... Perhaps the most challenging and societally relevant question is whether the rate at which the land and ocean can sequester carbon will continue to keep pace with rising carbon dioxide emissions. ...
Although anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, this natural climate change mitigation has so far proportionally kept pace with emissions ...
Predicting interactions between Earth’s climate and carbon cycle is challenging because of the number of feedbacks involved. ...
Thus, there are observational gaps in climate-sensitive tropical, boreal, and Arctic ecosystems. ...
With multidecadal satellite remote sensing records, it has become possible to distinguish interannual variability from trends. ...
Observational systems monitoring ocean chemical and physical processes are also critical for understanding the ocean carbon cycle. Current ocean observing systems include ship-based measurements, the Argo floats network, and surface buoys from the Global CO2 Time-Series and Moorings Project. These systems measure surface water CO2 and temperature ...
Just as observational methods produce different results, current terrestrial ecosystem models indicate different trends in carbon uptake ..., limiting our understanding of the evolution of carbon-climate feedbacks ..."
Perhaps, it has more than just kept pace! When scientists use words like "challenging" they mean they don't know! 😄 

"Observational gaps" a very neat euphemism for huge holes!

"multidecadal satellite ... records" Laughable! Only 5-4 decades at most, the first  NASA meteorological weather satellite was launched in 1960. Only in the last two decades or so we have a tight net of satellites with better technologies orbiting earth for such scientific research!

We still know very little what goes on in our oceans especially below the surface!  

E.g. the recent greening of our planet (plants absorbing more carbon dioxide) was not part of the narrative! "According to climate models, the future looks even greener."

Most likely, we still do not understand the carbon dioxide sinks very well. Our current knowledge is more like assumptions/approximations than confirmed verifiable, and quantifiable facts!

Here is an 2020 article from EOS (published by the American Geophysical Union) about the carbon cycle.

 

The NASA Earth Observatory posted an article about carbon cycle in 2011 that still comes up at the top of Google search, although this article is archived and not updated anymore since 2011 (see references at the bottom of article). Not only that NASA does not even bother to refer the reader to a more updated version of this article!

P.S. Ocean acidification is another of the typical scaremongering terms often and willingly used even in popular scientific publications (see e.g. this NOAA educational web page) 

Diatoms And The Global Warming Hoax

Posted: 7/19/2019

If you had any doubts that the Global Warming Hoax (a.k.a. Climate Change) is the greatest hoax/scam perpetrated on humans in several generations, here is more evidence.

Diatoms (a.k.a. brown algae) generate about “20% of the Earth’s Oxygen” (S1, S2) and they store huge amounts of carbon dioxide. “They are responsible for 40 percent of the organic carbon produced in the world's oceans each year” (S2). At the end of their lives, they sink to the ocean’s floor. Despite the critical functions of diatoms, little has been known about their life cycle and their health to this day. Apparently, there are “thousands of different kinds of diatoms” (S2) and, I guess, we still know very little about them.

There is still so much, we do not know! Any pretense of knowledge is a false sense of superiority! We still live in the Dark Ages! The superstitions of the Medieval era did not end with the Renaissance or Enlightenment!

Sources (S):

1. Algae-killing viruses spur nutrient recycling in oceans (published 7/18/19)
2. Could Tiny Diatoms Help Offset Global Warming? (1/26/08)