Amazing stuff! Exciting! Possibly a breakthrough!
This is the latest research on this topic of three dimensional time is written by a single scientist, i.e. Gunther Kletetschka (like Albert Einstein).
The Google Scholar profile of this researcher is not exactly spectacular with only less than 4,500 lifetime citations, a total of 455 publications since 1989. However, purely theoretical papers like this one usually garner fewer citations, than other, more "applied" papers. Albert Einstein published his famous theory of special relativity at age 26 in 1905.
Note in our time so many research papers are written by sometimes hundreds of scientist/researchers as if this was the new paradigm (diversity and inclusion lead to illusions and dilution? 😊). Who are these hermits/loners that still write papers alone? Caution: satire.
Apparently, there have been previous attempts of a theory of time with three dimensions, but this latest theory here might allow for e.g. better empirically testing.
I suppose the long, dark knights and the low population density in Alaska may have helped the scientist to develop this theory. Just kidding!
"Time, not space plus time, might be the single fundamental property in which all physical phenomena occur, according to a new theory by a University of Alaska Fairbanks scientist. ..."
From the abstract:
"This paper introduces a theoretical framework based on three-dimensional time, where the three temporal dimensions emerge from fundamental symmetry requirements.
The necessity for exactly three temporal dimensions arises from observed quantum-classical-cosmological transitions that manifest at three distinct scales:
Planck-scale quantum phenomena,
interaction-scale processes, and
cosmological evolution.
These temporal scales directly generate three particle generations through eigenvalue equations of the temporal metric, naturally explaining both the number of generations and their mass hierarchy.
The framework introduces a metric structure with three temporal and three spatial dimensions, preserving causality and unitarity while extending standard quantum mechanics and field theory.
While earlier work explored three-dimensional time in Kaluza–Klein theory, this paper’s approach provides specific experimental predictions and a complete particle spectrum.
This approach provides elegant solutions to long-standing problems in particle physics: the three-generation structure emerges naturally from temporal symmetries, weak interaction parity violation arises from geometric properties, and quantum gravity achieves finite corrections without ultraviolet divergences.
The framework accurately reproduces known particle masses, including the top quark ..., muon ..., and electron ...
Building on this validation, the theory makes precise quantitative predictions, including neutrino masses ..., and gravitational wave speed modifications ...
These signatures will be testable through next-generation collider experiments, gravitational wave observatories, and cosmological surveys in the 2025–2030 timeframe. Notably, General Relativity emerges as a natural limiting case when two temporal dimensions become negligible.
The mathematical consistency and predictive power of this framework, combined with its ability to unify quantum and gravitational phenomena, suggest it deserves consideration as a fundamental theory of physics."
New theory proposes time has three dimensions, with space as a secondary effect (this popular science article even has a special editor's note)
UAF associate research professor Gunther Kletetschka
Fig. 1 Three-dimensional time coordinate system showing orthogonal temporal dimensions intersecting at the “Origin of time” (potentially corresponding to the Big Bang). [The only figure in his entire paper.]
