Showing posts with label Ancient Egypt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ancient Egypt. Show all posts

Saturday, August 01, 2026

Trade, Trust, and Civilisation: The Hidden Economic Message of Nolan’s 'Odyssey'

Very recommendable! I blogged here about the movie recently.

"That question lies at the heart of Johan Norberg’s recent book Peak Human, which argues that societies rise not simply because of military strength or exceptional rulers, but because they develop the institutions that make cooperation, innovation, and voluntary exchange possible. Historians once explained the fate of civilisations primarily through battles, conquests, and empires. Increasingly, however, scholarship has shifted its attention towards less dramatic but ultimately more decisive forces: secure property rights, political stability, trust between strangers, economic freedom, and the peaceful exchange of goods and ideas. Armies may conquer kingdoms, but commerce is what allows civilisations to endure."
Note: If correctly described in the article below, then it appears Johan Norberg regurgitates what August Friedrich von Hayek has said many times before in his writings. Maybe the author of this article below is not aware of this.

"Nolan’s emphasis on trade is therefore far from accidental. Archaeology has revealed that the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age was home to one of the most sophisticated commercial systems the world had yet seen. Rather than a collection of isolated kingdoms, it formed a remarkably integrated economic network linking Egypt, Anatolia, the Levant, Cyprus, mainland Greece, and beyond. Copper, tin, wine, olive oil, timber, textiles, ivory, glass, spices, and precious metals travelled enormous distances through interconnected markets.

The most remarkable evidence for this commercial world emerged almost by accident in 1982, when a diver discovered the wreck of a merchant ship off the southern coast of modern-day Turkey. The Uluburun shipwreck, dating from the fourteenth century BC, contained more than ten tonnes of Cypriot copper, almost a tonne of tin, African ivory, Baltic amber, Mesopotamian glass, Mycenaean pottery, and gold jewellery. No primitive economy could have organised such a logistical operation. Long before the Industrial Revolution, an extensive international trading system already connected societies separated by thousands of kilometres.

Commerce alone, however, was not enough. These networks depended upon institutions of cooperation. The Amarna Letters reveal rulers addressing one another as “brothers,” exchanging gifts, negotiating alliances, and maintaining permanent diplomatic contacts.
Greek society reflected the same logic through xenia—the sacred obligation to offer hospitality to strangers. In a world where long-distance trade depended on trust between people who had never met, such norms were not merely moral ideals; they were essential economic institutions. ..."

Trade, Trust, and Civilisation: The Hidden Economic Message of Nolan’s 'Odyssey' (Unfortunately, no author name is provided as if written anonymously) "A fragile web of trust and voluntary exchange holds societies together"

Monday, February 16, 2026

5,300-year-old 'bow drill' rewrites story of ancient Egyptian tools

Amazing stuff!

"Researchers ... have re-examined a small copper-alloy object excavated a century ago from a cemetery at Badari in Upper Egypt, and concluded it is the earliest identified rotary metal drill from ancient Egypt, dating to the Predynastic period (late 4th millennium BCE), before the first pharaohs ruled.

The artefact (catalogued as 1924.948 A in the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge) was found in Grave 3932, the burial of an adult man. When first published in the 1920s, the artefact - which is only 63 millimetres long and weighs about 1.5 grams - was described as “a little awl of copper, with some leather thong wound round it.” That brief note proved easy to overlook, and the object attracted little attention for decades.

However, under magnification, the researchers found that the tool shows distinctive wear consistent with drilling: fine striations, rounded edges, and a slight curvature at the working end, all features that point to rotary motion, not simple puncturing. ..."

From the abstract:
"This study presents a reassessment of the earliest known metal drill from Egypt, the copperalloy artefact 1924.948 A (Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, The University of Cambridge) from Badari, datable to Naqada IID. Originally published by Guy Brunton but long neglected due to insufficient documentation, the object has been re-examined through microscopic and compositional analysis.
The drill exhibits clear evidence of rotary motion and retains remnants of a leather thong, identifying it as part of a bow drill mechanism.
Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed a highly unusual CuAsNi material with the addition of silver and lead, suggesting either long-distance exchange networks or underexplored Eastern Desert ore sources.
The article situates the Badari drill within the broader context of Egyptian craft technologies, tracing the development and depiction of bow drills from the Predynastic through the New Kingdom.
The technological continuity observed across nearly two millennia stresses the enduring utility of the bow drill and accentuates its significance in both woodworking and bead production. This re-evaluation not only enriches our understanding of early Egyptian tool use but also raises intriguing questions about early metallurgical knowledge and interregional interactions in the ancient Near East."

5,300-year-old 'bow drill' rewrites story of ancient Egyptian tools

5,300-year-old ‘bow drill’ rewrites story of ancient Egyptian tools (original news release) "A new study reveals that Egyptians were using a mechanically sophisticated drilling tool far earlier than previously suggested."



Original photograph of the artefact published in 1927 by Guy Brunton (left) and the actual artefact


Sunday, November 02, 2025

Grand Egyptian Museum has grand opening after 3 decades of construction and more than $1 billion

Recommendable! A gigantic museum!

"... The GEM is one of the largest museums in the world, and the largest dedicated to a single civilization: ancient Egypt. Its subject matter spans some 7,000 years, from prehistory to the end of the Greek and Roman eras around 400 A.D. ...

The GEM has 12 primary exhibition halls, covering about 194,000 square feet.

The number of artifacts on display has nearly doubled initial expectations thanks to Egypt's wealth of antiquities, with officials saying about 100,000 items will be housed in the halls. ...

The museum's triangular architecture radiates outward from its entrance toward the three main pyramids of Giza, aligning perfectly with their positions. Its walls and sloping ceilings follow the same lines, rising toward the pyramids' highest points, but not exceeding the height of the ancient structures, out of respect for their builders. ..."

Grand Egyptian Museum has grand opening after 3 decades and more than $1 billion - CBS News


In front of the main entrance stands the imposing 53-foot-high Hanging Obelisk, the only such structure in the world.


Friday, August 09, 2024

Why Did the Old Kingdom of Egypt Collapse?

Very recommendable! But what caused these devastating famines? This teaser video does not mention!

Saturday, August 03, 2024

Thursday, July 18, 2024

The first ever view inside Tutankhamun's tomb in Egypt

Recommendable! Even though this story has been told again and again many times it is still fascinating!

Saturday, February 17, 2024

A 1,300 meters long Tunnel that could lead to Cleopatra's Tomb is 'geometric miracle'

The never ending magic and allure of Cleopatra!

"Beneath the temple ruins of the Egyptian city of Taposiris Magna, archaeologists recently discovered a secret tunnel dubbed the "geometric miracle."The city was founded in Egypt by the Hellenistic king Ptolemy II Philadelphus between 280 and 270 BCE, and its name translates to "The Great Tomb of Osiris" (the god of death in Egyptian mythology). 

The tunnel was discovered 13 meters below the ground by Katharine Martinez, an archaeologist from the Dominican Republic. It measures two meters in height and is carved astonishingly over a length of 1,300 meters in the sandstone of the area. The purpose of this tunnel is still unclear, as parts of it are submerged in water. ...
Archaeologists think they may be close to locating the graves of the doomed lovers Cleopatra and Mark Antony in the Temple of Taposiris Magna west of Alexandria ...
The tunnel has already yielded some treasures: a rectangular block of limestone and fragments of pottery. The archaeologists working at the site estimate that further excavation could provide additional information on whether the new tunnel can lead to the lost tombs. ..."

Tunnel that could lead to Cleopatra's Tomb is 'geometric miracle' - The Jerusalem Post The tunnel was discovered 13 meters below the ground by [Kathleen]  Martinez, an archaeologist from the Dominican Republic.

Tomb raider Kathleen Martinez



Tuesday, July 11, 2023

The Ancient Egyptian Secrets Hiding In An Italian Monastery near Florence

Recommendable! This is indeed a very unusual collection at this monastery! Unfortunately, the host of this documentary is knowledgeable, but very pathetic and cringy!