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"... Indeed, there are now around 16,000 desalination plants around the world producing about 95 million cubic metres of freshwater every day . ...
The MSMD device sits on an evaporative crystallizer that uses latent heat from the last distillation phase to evaporate off the liquid from the final concentrated brine that is produced alongside the freshwater, leaving behind only solid salt. ..."
The MSMD device sits on an evaporative crystallizer that uses latent heat from the last distillation phase to evaporate off the liquid from the final concentrated brine that is produced alongside the freshwater, leaving behind only solid salt. ..."
"... Utilizing the “waste heat” of solar cells for desalination enables the simultaneous production of freshwater and electricity and represents low barrier-of-entry electricity and freshwater supplies to off-grid communities for point of consumption. Herein, guided by theoretical modeling, this project demonstrated that a higher freshwater production rate and a lower solar cell temperature could be achieved simultaneously. With a five-stage photovoltaics-membrane distillation-evaporative crystallizer (PME), we experimentally demonstrated a high and stable freshwater production rate of ∼2.45 kg m−2 h−1 and a reduced solar cell temperature of ∼47°C under 1 sun irradiation, as compared to ∼62°C of the same solar cell working alone. The reduced solar cell temperature led to an 8% increase in its electricity production. Moreover, the concentrated brine produced in the process was fully evaporated by the underlying evaporative crystallizer, achieving zero liquid discharge. ..."
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