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"... One of the most promising approaches to overcoming this challenge is topological quantum computing, which aims to protect quantum information by encoding it in the geometric properties of exotic particles called anyons. These particles, predicted to exist in certain two-dimensional materials, are expected to be far more resistant to noise and interference than conventional qubits.
"Among the leading candidates for building such a computer are Ising anyons, which are already being intensely investigated in condensed matter labs due to their potential realization in exotic systems like the fractional quantum Hall state and topological superconductors," ...
By adding a single new type of anyon, which was previously discarded in traditional approaches to topological quantum computation, the team shows that Ising anyons can be made universal, capable of performing any quantum computation through braiding alone.
The team dubbed these rescued particles "neglectons," a name that reflects both their overlooked status and their newfound importance. This new anyon emerges naturally from a broader mathematical framework and provides exactly the missing ingredient needed to complete the computational toolkit. ..."
From the abstract:
"We propose a framework for topological quantum computation using newly discovered non-semisimple analogs of topological quantum field theories in 2 + 1 dimensions. These enhanced theories offer more powerful models for quantum computation.
The conventional theory of Ising anyons, which is believed to describe excitations in the ν = 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state, is not universal for quantum computation via braiding of quasiparticles.
However, we show that the non-semisimple theory introduces new anyon types that extend the Ising framework. By adding just one new anyon type, universal quantum computation can be achieved through braiding alone. This result opens new avenues for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing in topologically ordered systems."
Mathematicians use ‘neglected’ particles that could rescue quantum computing (original news release) "With one overlooked ingredient, researchers show how to turn a promising quantum system into a universal computer."
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