How often has this hotline prevented potentially dangerous situations to get out of hand?
It was installed after the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Why was the Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) military doctrine during and after the Cold War so successful?
The hotline between the White House and Beijing was only established in 2007.
Google wrote about the history of this hotline: "...
First Bilateral Agreement:
The hotline was the first bilateral agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union aimed at addressing nuclear dangers.
Evolution of the System
- 1963: The initial system was a full-time duplex wire telegraph circuit, with backup radiotelegraph circuits, connecting Washington and Moscow.
- 1986: The original system was upgraded with the implementation of fax machines.
- 2008: The system was further modernized to a secure computer link, exchanging messages via email.
- Significance and Usage
Crisis Management:
The hotline was used during several international conflicts, including the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, to prevent misunderstandings and clarify intentions.
..."
According to Wikipedia, the hotline was used during:
"1963: Assassination of President Kennedy
1967: Six Day War
1968: Apollo 8 mission progress
1971: War between India and Pakistan
1973: Yom Kippur War
1974: Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
1979: Soviet–Afghan War
1981: Threat of Soviet Invasion of Poland
1982: Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
1991: Gulf War
2001: The 9/11 attacks
2003: Aftermath of Iraq War"
"On this day in 1963, John F. Kennedy became the first U.S. president to have a direct text/teletype line, famously called the “hotline,” connecting him to the Kremlin in Moscow."
Our lives depended on it. ITT Intelex Teletype L015, as displayed in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum.
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