Good news!
It appears the male suicide rate is twice as high as that of females possibly due to more deadlier means (e.g. firearms) used by males and suicide committing females being saved in time by medical care.
"Over the past 30 years, the global age-standardized suicide mortality rate fell ~40%—”indicating that intervention and prevention are working,” per the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington—which yesterday published “the most comprehensive analysis of the global burden of suicide to date” in The Lancet Public Health.
But: ~740,000 suicides are reported annually worldwide—which equals one death every 43 seconds.
And progress is not universal, with increases reported across Central Latin America, Andean Latin America, tropical Latin America, and high-income North America.
Background: The analysis draws from 204 countries and territories, and expands on previously published data spanning from 1990 to 2016.
Key findings include:
More deaths among men: The number of deaths for males was 2X+ that for females.
Later in life: The mean age of death at the time of suicide has been steadily rising. Researchers posited that one reason may be suicide prevention efforts focused on younger people. ...
Related: Is suicide prevention finally working in India? Lancet study shows how suicide death rate went down by 30% from 1990 to 2021 — The Indian Express"
From the abstract:
"Background
Deaths from suicide are a tragic yet preventable cause of mortality. Quantifying the burden of suicide to understand its geographical distribution, temporal trends, and variation by age and sex is an essential step in suicide prevention. We aimed to present a comprehensive set of global, regional, and national estimates of suicide burden.
Methods
We produced estimates of the number of deaths and age-standardised mortality rates of suicide globally, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, and disaggregated these results by age and sex. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 estimates of deaths attributable to suicide were broken down into two comprehensive categories:
those by firearms and those by other specified means.
For this analysis, we also produced estimates of mean age at the time of death from suicide, incidence of suicide attempts compared with deaths, and age-standardised rates of suicide by firearm. We acquired data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, and mortality surveillance that included 23 782 study-location-years of data from GBD 2021. ...
Findings
Globally, 746 000 deaths (95% UI 692 000–800 000) from suicide occurred in 2021, including
519 000 deaths (485 000–556 000) among males and 227 000 (200 000–255 000) among females.
The age-standardised mortality rate has declined over time, from 14·9 deaths (12·8–15·7) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 9·0 (8·3–9·6) per 100 000 in 2021.
Regionally, mortality rates due to suicide were highest in eastern Europe (19·2 [17·5–20·8] per 100 000), southern sub-Saharan Africa (16·1 [14·0–18·3] per 100 000), and central sub-Saharan Africa (14·4 [11·0–19·1] per 100 000).
The mean age at which individuals died from suicide progressively increased during the study period. For males, the mean age at death by suicide in 1990 was 43·0 years (38·0–45·8), increasing to 47·0 years (43·5–50·6) in 2021. For females, it was 41·9 years (30·9–46·7) in 1990 and 46·9 years (41·2–52·8) in 2021.
The incidence of suicide attempts requiring medical care was consistently higher at the regional level for females than for males.
The number of deaths by suicide using firearms was higher for males than for females, and substantially varied by country and region. The countries with the highest age-standardised rate of suicides attributable to firearms in 2021 were the USA, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Interpretation
Deaths from suicide remain variable by age and sex and across geographical locations, although population mortality rates have continued to improve globally since the 1990s. This study presents, for the first time in GBD, a quantification of the mean age at the time of suicide death, alongside comprehensive estimates of the burden of suicide throughout the world. These analyses will help guide future approaches to reduce suicide mortality that consider a public health framework for prevention"
Funding
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation."
"Key takeaways:
- Every minute, four males and six females need inpatient treatment due to suicide attempts.
- Males die from suicide at twice the rate of females, and their attempts result in death three times more often than female attempts.
- Globally, 10% of suicides by males and 3% by females were with guns. In the U.S., 55% by males and 31% by females were with guns.
- Between 1990 and 2021, the global age-standardized death rate for suicide declined by almost 40%, indicating that intervention and prevention are working.
- Despite this progress, suicides increased 39% in Central Latin America, 13% in Andean Latin America, 9% in Tropical Latin America, and 7% in high-income North America.
..."
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