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"... Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment in recent years by enabling the immune system to attack tumor cells. However, only 20–40% of patients respond positively to immunotherapy, and these rates vary across different types of cancer. ...
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified five key, independent factors that determine patients' response and survival after receiving checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), a type of immunotherapy widely used in cancer treatment. These findings provide a reference framework for current and future biomarkers of immunotherapy response. ...
The results suggest that patients with certain types of tumors who are currently not considered candidates for immunotherapy (such as those with liver or kidney carcinomas) might benefit from this type of treatment. ...
The five factors identified are tumor mutational burden; effective T cell infiltration; the activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the tumor microenvironment; previous treatment received by the patient; and tumor proliferative potential. ..."
From the abstract:
"Only a subset of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) respond to the treatment, and distinguishing responders from non-responders is a major challenge. Many proposed biomarkers of CPI response and survival probably represent alternative measurements of the same aspects of the tumor, its microenvironment or the host. Thus, we currently ignore how many truly independent biomarkers there are. With an unbiased analysis of genomics, transcriptomics and clinical data of a cohort of patients with metastatic tumors (n = 479), we discovered five orthogonal latent factors: tumor mutation burden, T cell effective infiltration, transforming growth factor-beta activity in the microenvironment, prior treatment and tumor proliferative potential. Their association with CPI response and survival was observed across all tumor types and validated across six independent cohorts (n = 1,491). These five latent factors constitute a frame of reference to organize current and future knowledge on biomarkers of CPI response and survival."
Five latent factors underlie response to immunotherapy (open access)
Fig. 1: Extracting features from the HMF-CPI cohort.
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