Amazing stuff! I smell a rat (just kidding)! 😊 Cancer is history (soon)!
To use olfaction biosensors and exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to detect human diseases appears to be very promising!
This research is a bit dated! Mea culpa!
From bomb sniffing to cancer sniffing! From an ancient much feared plague to cutting edge medicine!
It is very fast too and might be able to distinguish oral cancer stages.
"... This dramatic body and lifestyle [of locust] makeover depends on their exquisite ability to detect and differentiate subtle odors. ...
Recently, [a] team tapped into the odor-sensing circuitry of the locust brain to detect the scent signatures of human oral cancers. ... previously used locusts for sniffing out bombs ...
“Cancer changes [cellular] metabolism and those changes are reflected in exhaled breath,” ... Known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), these unique chemical signatures are promising biomarkers of disease—if scientists can detect them. ...
They performed brain surgery on a locust and inserted electrodes into the brain regions that process smell. ... team then collected gas samples from the cell cultures of three different types of human oral cancer cells and healthy human oral cells. They wafted the gas samples—each of which contained a distinct mixture of VOCs from the corresponding cells—over the locust’s antennae and recorded the brain’s electrical activity. ..."
Recently, [a] team tapped into the odor-sensing circuitry of the locust brain to detect the scent signatures of human oral cancers. ... previously used locusts for sniffing out bombs ...
“Cancer changes [cellular] metabolism and those changes are reflected in exhaled breath,” ... Known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), these unique chemical signatures are promising biomarkers of disease—if scientists can detect them. ...
They performed brain surgery on a locust and inserted electrodes into the brain regions that process smell. ... team then collected gas samples from the cell cultures of three different types of human oral cancer cells and healthy human oral cells. They wafted the gas samples—each of which contained a distinct mixture of VOCs from the corresponding cells—over the locust’s antennae and recorded the brain’s electrical activity. ..."
From the abstract:
"There is overwhelming evidence that presence of cancer alters cellular metabolic processes, and these changes are manifested in emitted volatile organic compound (VOC) compositions of cancer cells. Here, we take a novel forward engineering approach by developing an insect olfactory neural circuit-based VOC sensor for cancer detection. We obtained oral cancer cell culture VOC-evoked extracellular neural responses from in vivo insect (locust) antennal lobe neurons. We employed biological neural computations of the antennal lobe circuitry for generating spatiotemporal neuronal response templates corresponding to each cell culture VOC mixture, and employed these neuronal templates to distinguish oral cancer cell lines (SAS, Ca9-22, and HSC-3) vs. a non-cancer cell line (HaCaT). Our results demonstrate that three different human oral cancers can be robustly distinguished from each other and from a non-cancer oral cell line. By using high-dimensional population neuronal response analysis and leave-one-trial-out methodology, our approach yielded high classification success for each cell line tested. Our analyses achieved 76–100% success in identifying cell lines by using the population neural response (n = 194) collected for the entire duration of the cell culture study. We also demonstrate this cancer detection technique can distinguish between different types of oral cancers and non-cancer at different time-matched points of growth. This brain-based cancer detection approach is fast as it can differentiate between VOC mixtures within 250 ms of stimulus onset. Our brain-based cancer detection system comprises a novel VOC sensing methodology that incorporates entire biological chemosensory arrays, biological signal transduction, and neuronal computations in a form of a forward-engineered technology for cancer VOC detection."
Sniffing out cancer with locust brains (a primary news source, but from August 2022)
Harnessing insect olfactory neural circuits for detecting and discriminating human cancers (no public access) Michigan State research shows insects can differentiate between cancer cells and healthy cells, which could help detect the disease earlier
Harnessing insect olfactory neural circuits for noninvasive detection of human cancer (open access; this seems to be the preprint version of the journal article)
Fig. 1: Individual projection neurons respond differentially to the oral cancer vs. control VOCs.
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