Amazing stuff!
"When a person goes into deep sleep, water like fluid circulates around the brain, washing away metabolic waste that is linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's. This process, known as the glymphatic system, was first described in 2012 ...
In a new study ... they outline how they used physics-informed artificial intelligence to determine fluid flow velocities from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Using videos of dye spreading across brain tissue over time, the neural networks the researchers built were able to deduce how fast the fluid flows and how permeable the brain tissue is.
The results showed that there are two main ways that the glymphatic system washes away particles in the brain, such as the amyloid beta proteins linked to Alzheimer's disease, and one of these ways is much faster than the other.
The fast flow of the glymphatic system's waterlike fluid moves at a few microns per second around the brain's open regions such as the surface between the skull and the brain, while
the slower flow of the waterlike fluid trickles through the brain's deep tissue at a rate about 50 times slower. ..."
"... they outline how they used physics-informed AI to determine fluid flow velocities from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Using videos of dye spreading across brain tissue over time, the neural networks the researchers built were able to deduce how fast the fluid flows and how permeable the brain tissue is. ..."
From the abstract:
"The circulation of cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid plays a vital role in clearing metabolic waste from the brain, and its disruption has been linked to neurological disorders.
However, directly measuring brain-wide fluid transport, especially in the deep brain, has remained elusive.
Here, we introduce magnetic resonance artificial intelligence velocimetry (MR-AIV), a framework featuring a specialized physics-informed architecture and optimization method that reconstructs three-dimensional fluid velocity fields from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).
MR-AIV unveils brain-wide velocity maps while providing estimates of tissue permeability and pressure fields, quantities inaccessible to other methods.
Applied to the brain, MR-AIV reveals a functional landscape of interstitial and perivascular flow, quantitatively distinguishing slow diffusion-driven transport [∼0.1 micrometers per second (μm/s)] from rapid advective flow (∼3 μm/s).
This approach enables new investigations into brain clearance mechanisms and fluid dynamics in health and disease, with broad potential applications to other porous medium systems, from geophysics to tissue mechanics."
AI reveals how the brain clears harmful waste (original news release) "The new approach combines MRI scans and AI tools to measure fluid flow linked to diseases such as Alzheimer’s."
Fig. 1. The MR-AIV inferred velocity magnitude is similar across mice.
Fig. 4. MR-AIV reveals anatomically distinct flow regimes and permeability distributions.
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