The Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption in 2022 sent enough water vapor into the stratosphere to cause a rapid change in chemistry

Quite possibly this massive submarine volcano eruption also contributed to 2023 to be a hot year again! The lack of attention to this spectacular geological event is astounding!

"The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15, 2022, produced the largest underwater explosion ever recorded by modern scientific instruments, blasting an enormous amount of water and volcanic gases higher than any other eruption in the satellite era.

Two research papers have now detailed how that water vapor rapidly affected the Earth’s stratosphere between 10 and 31 miles above the surface, causing an unexpectedly large loss of ozone and an unexpectedly rapid formation of aerosols.  ...

Volcanic aerosols are profoundly important for global climate, as demonstrated by the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption that cooled the planet by 0.5°C (0.9°F) for nearly two years. They can also act as surfaces upon which rapid chemical reactions can take place, leading to the destruction of ozone. ..."

A volcanic eruption sent enough water vapor into the stratosphere to cause a rapid change in chemistry - NOAA Research (dated 12/20/2023)