Good news! In the future, maybe more hormones, less vitamins & minerals?
"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that is primarily produced in the liver, as well as in adipocytes and some other tissues. It has been reported to have a variety of beneficial metabolic effects, but there has been no clear mechanistic explanation for them.
Using mouse models of adipocyte-specific overexpression of FGF21, Gliniak et al. demonstrated that these animals are protected from obesity and live longer overall without losing lean tissue mass or bone mineral density. These beneficial effects of FGF21 were due to a variety of effects on different tissues and organs, including increased energy expenditure, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased adipose tissue ceramide buildup and inflammation, all of which help to explain the health benefits attributed to this hormone."
From the highlights and abstract:
"Highlights
• FGF21 overexpression in the adult mouse increases survival that is not linked to trade-offs in organismal growth
• FGF21 overexpression prevents obesity, liver steatosis, and loss of lean mass in gerobese mice fed a HFD
• Elevated FGF21 increases energy expenditure but does not affect cold tolerance in mice fed a HFD
• FGF21 reduces ceramide levels in visceral adipose tissue by adiponectin-independent mechanisms
Summary
Approximately 35% of US adults over 65 are obese, highlighting the need for therapies targeting age-related metabolic issues.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone mainly produced by the liver, improves metabolism and extends lifespan.
To explore its effects without developmental confounders, we generated mice with adipocyte-specific FGF21 overexpression beginning in adulthood. When fed a high-fat diet, these mice lived up to 3.3 years, resisted weight gain, improved insulin sensitivity, and showed reduced liver steatosis.
Aged transgenic mice also displayed lower levels of inflammatory immune cells and lipotoxic ceramides in visceral adipose tissue, benefits that occurred even in the absence of adiponectin, a hormone known to regulate ceramide breakdown.
These results suggest that fat tissue is a central site for FGF21’s beneficial effects and point to its potential for treating metabolic syndrome and age-related diseases by promoting a healthier metabolic profile under dietary stress and extending healthspan and lifespan."
FGF21 promotes longevity in diet-induced obesity through metabolic benefits independent of growth suppression (open access)
Graphical abstract
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