Amazing stuff!
"... This second law of entanglement manipulation proves that, just like heat or energy in an idealized thermodynamics regime, entanglement can be reversibly manipulated, a statement which until now had been heavily contested. ...
Though entanglement still appears counterintuitive to our lived experience of the world, researchers have discovered striking parallels with something much more familiar: thermodynamics. In fact, many similarities have emerged between the theories of quantum entanglement and thermodynamics. For example, "entanglement entropy" is a characteristic of idealized, noiseless quantum systems that mimics the role of thermodynamical entropy. ..."
From the abstract:
"A central question since the beginning of quantum information science is how two distant parties can convert one entangled state into another. It has been conjectured that such conversions could be executed reversibly in an asymptotic regime, mirroring the reversible nature of Carnot cycles in classical thermodynamics. While a conclusive proof of this conjecture has been missing so far, earlier studies have excluded reversible entanglement manipulation in various settings.
In this Letter, we show that arbitrary mixed state entanglement transformations can be made reversible under local operations and classical communication, when assisted by an entanglement battery—an auxiliary quantum system that stores and supplies entanglement in a way that ensures no net entanglement is lost.
In particular, the rate of transformation in the asymptotic limit can be quantitatively expressed as a ratio of entanglement present within the quantum states involved. Our setting allows us to consider different entanglement quantifiers which give rise to unique principles governing state transformations, effectively constituting diverse manifestations of a “second law” of entanglement manipulation.
These findings resolve a long-standing open question on the reversible manipulation of entangled states and are also applicable to multipartite entanglement and other quantum resource theories, including quantum thermodynamics."
Second Law of Entanglement Manipulation with an Entanglement Battery (no public access)
Second Law of Entanglement Manipulation with Entanglement Battery (preprint, open access)
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