Good news! What about lack of sunshine?
"... They found that this immune abnormality affects brain function, and the "Immune Neural Axis" imbalance is the core mechanism of depression, opening up the possibility for the discovery of new biomarkers and the development of new drugs for depression treatment. ...
performed a multi-omics analysis combining blood analysis, single-cell analysis, and patient-derived brain organoids (mini-brains). ..."
From the abstract:
"Major depressive disorder (MDD) with atypical features accompanied by psychotic symptoms represents a severe and under-researched subtype of depression and severe mental illness, characterized by significant personal and social impact.
This study aims to explore novel biomarkers through a precision medicine approach by combining clinical data, white blood cell (WBC) single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), plasma proteomics, and brain organoid models to uncover immunological and neurological alterations in patients with this condition. Patients exhibited elevated stress, anxiety, depression, and increased WBC counts, although the difference in WBC count is not significant after adjusting for age.
Plasma proteomic profiling identified an upregulation of proteins implicated in synaptic formation, including Doublecortin-Like Kinase 3 (DCLK3) and Calcyon (CALY), as well as immune-related proteins such as Complement Component 5 (C5).
WBC scRNA-seq revealed significant neutrophil and monocyte transcriptomic alterations, suggesting increased inflammation and immune dysregulation. Patient-derived brain organoids display reduced growth and distinct gene expression patterns compared to controls, particularly under dexamethasone-induced stress conditions.
Combining WBC scRNA-seq, plasma proteomics, and brain organoid models offers a novel framework for understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, which is one of the most complex disorders."
Depression is Not Only a Disease of the Mind. KAIST Discovers the Immune-Brain Connection (original news release)
Figure 2
Differential WBC Single-cell Transcriptomic Profiles in the Patient Group Elevated Inflammatory Gene Expression in Neutrophils and Monocytes
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