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"Quantum sensors take the biggest roadblock for quantum computers—unwanted interference, or noise—and turn it into a strength. Noise wrecks quantum computers because the quantum states they use for computation are affected by the slightest disturbances from the environment. But quantum sensors use those disturbances to detect minuscule changes in magnetic and electric fields. ...
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are defects in specially grown diamonds where neighboring carbon atoms in the crystal lattice have been replaced by a nitrogen atom and a vacancy—a missing carbon atom. The NV defect allows for precise sensing because the NV exhibits excellent quantum behavior—discrete energy levels, spin, and the ability to absorb and emit individual photons—while protected by the robust diamond host. For example, a tiny change in magnetic field can shift the NV’s energy levels, which induces a measurable change in the rate of photons the NV emits. ..."
Simplified atomic structure of the NV center (Source)
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