Why is the debate over food supplements so controversial for decades in Western countries?
"Omega-3 and vitamin-D supplements, taken over the course of years, might slow biological ageing, according to a new study. Results of a trial of people aged over 70 showed that a combination of the two supplements daily and 30 minutes of exercise three times a week over three years reduced biological ageing — ageing measured at a molecular level — by three to four months. The reduction sounds small, but can translate to important public-health benefits such as a reduction in the prevalence of some age-related health conditions ..."
"... The study analysed data from the DO-HEALTH trial on the effects of supplements and exercise in older people, that took place across five European countries from 2012 to 2014. The researchers reviewed data on more than 700 people aged 70 or over who were given either a placebo or omega-3, vitamin D and exercise alone or in combination. All the participants were from Switzerland and around half were healthy, with no major chronic illnesses or disabilities.
Blood samples taken from participants at the start and end of the study were analysed using four biological clocks. These measure the extent of biological ageing on the basis of additions and deletions of methyl groups to the DNA. ...
One of those clocks, called PhenoAge, showed that older people avoided several months of biological ageing over 3 years by taking 1 gram of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, derived from algae, with additive benefits from taking vitamin D (2,000 international units per day) and engaging in 30 minutes of exercise 3 times a week. Together, the 3 treatments reduced biological ageing by 2.9–3.8 months. ..."
From the abstract:
"While observational studies and small pilot trials suggest that vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise may slow biological aging, larger clinical trials testing these treatments individually or in combination are lacking.
Here, we report the results of a post hoc analysis among 777 participants of the DO-HEALTH trial on the effect of vitamin D (2,000 IU per day) and/or omega-3 (1 g per day) and/or a home exercise program on four next-generation DNA methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging (PhenoAge, GrimAge, GrimAge2 and DunedinPACE) over 3 years.
Omega-3 alone slowed the DNAm clocks PhenoAge, GrimAge2 and DunedinPACE, and
all three treatments had additive benefits on PhenoAge.
Overall, from baseline to year 3, standardized effects ranged from 0.16 to 0.32 units (2.9–3.8 months).
In summary, our trial indicates a small protective effect of omega-3 treatment on slowing biological aging over 3 years across several clocks, with an additive protective effect of omega-3, vitamin D and exercise based on PhenoAge."
Omega-3 supplements slow biological ageing "The anti-ageing effect was even greater when combined with vitamin D and exercise."
Fig. 3: Treatment effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and SHEP individually and in combination on changes in DNAm-based surrogate biomarkers of plasma proteins based on GrimAge.
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