First observation of electron and muon interactions with neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

Amazing stuff!

FASER was apparently the first collider (or human created artificial source) where neutrinos were detected in 2023 (Source).

"The interactions have the highest neutrino energy ever detected from a human-generated source and could help answer fundamental questions about the universe including why there is more matter than antimatter. ...

So far, neutrino cross sections – the probability that a neutrino will interact with a target particle – had not been measured except at low energies. ...

Researchers used the Forward Search Experiment (somehow given the acronym FASER) at the LHC on the Swiss-French border to achieve the first high-energy interactions of electron and muon neutrinos. ...

The FASERν is an emulsion detector made up of 730 layers of alternating tungsten plates and emulsion films. The detector weighs a tonne. ..."

From the abstract:

"The first results of the study of high-energy electron neutrino (𝜈𝑒) and muon neutrino (𝜈𝜇) charged-current interactions in the FASER⁢𝜈 emulsion-tungsten detector of the FASER experiment at the LHC are presented. A 128.8 kg subset of the FASER⁢𝜈 volume was analyzed after exposure to 9.5  fb−1 of √𝑠=13.6  TeV 𝑝⁢𝑝 data. Four (eight) 𝜈𝑒 (𝜈𝜇) interaction candidate events are observed with a statistical significance of 5.2⁢𝜎 (5.7⁢𝜎). This is the first direct observation of 𝜈𝑒 interactions at a particle collider and includes the highest-energy 𝜈𝑒 and 𝜈𝜇 ever detected from an artificial source. The interaction cross section per nucleon 𝜎/𝐸𝜈 is measured over an energy range of 560–1740 GeV (520–1760 GeV) for 𝜈𝑒 (𝜈𝜇) to be (1.2+0.8−0.7)×10−38  cm2 GeV−1 [(0.5±0.2)×10−38  cm2 GeV−1], consistent with standard model predictions. These are the first measurements of neutrino interaction cross sections in those energy ranges."

First observation of electron and muon interactions with “ghost particle” neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider "CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has provided the first direct measurement of electron- and muon-neutrino interaction rates."

Neutrino interaction rates measured at unprecedented energies (original news release) "A team including researchers from the Laboratory for High Energy Physics at the University of Bern has successfully measured the interaction rates of neutrinos at unprecedented energies using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. A better understanding of these elusive elementary particles can help answer the question of why there is more matter than antimatter in the universe."

First Measurement of 𝜈𝑒 and 𝜈𝜇 Interaction Cross Sections at the LHC with FASER’s Emulsion Detector (no public access)