Good news! A possible breakthrough! Cancer is history (soon)!
""We have discovered that an important group of immune cells in the large bowel – gamma delta T cells – are crucial to preventing bowel cancer," ...
About 1 in every 10 cancer cases is bowel cancer. The second highest cause of cancer-related death worldwide, a lack of symptoms early in the disease's progression means it's often diagnosed too late to be treated. ...
They noticed a correlation between gamma delta T cells and favorable clinical outcomes in bowel cancer. When more of this type of immune cell was found in the tumors of bowel cancer patients, they were more likely to survive, and to experience more positive recoveries. ..."
"... “When we deleted TCF-1 in gamma delta T cells using pre-clinical models, this fundamentally changed the behaviour of these immune cells and we saw a remarkable reduction in the size of bowel cancer tumours,” ..."
From the editor's summary and abstract:
"Editor’s summary
The colon is the most common site of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, as well as functionally and immunologically distinct from other regions of the GI tract. Intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IELs) contribute to host defense by surveilling the epithelium, with specific subsets of gamma-delta (γδ) T-IELs providing protection against colorectal cancer. Yakou et al. used single cell transcriptomics to profile the composition of murine T-IELs from different regions of the GI tract, finding that colon IELs have a suppressed cytotoxic phenotype and express high levels of the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1). TCF-1 was required for maintenance of multiple colon T-IEL subtypes yet also suppressed antitumor effector functions among γδ T-IELs. These findings identify distinct features of colon IELs that may suppress immunity against colorectal tumors. ...
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), including αβ and γδ T cells (T-IELs), constantly survey and play a critical role in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelium. We show that cytotoxic molecules important for defense against cancer were highly expressed by T-IELs in the small intestine. In contrast, abundance of colonic T-IELs was dependent on the microbiome and displayed higher expression of TCF-1/TCF7 and a reduced effector and cytotoxic profile, including low expression of granzymes. Targeted deletion of TCF-1 in γδ T-IELs induced a distinct effector profile and reduced colon tumor formation in mice. In addition, TCF-1 expression was significantly reduced in γδ T-IELs present in human colorectal cancers (CRCs) compared with normal healthy colon, which strongly correlated with an enhanced γδ T-IEL effector phenotype and improved patient survival. Our work identifies TCF-1 as a colon-specific T-IEL transcriptional regulator that could inform new immunotherapy strategies to treat CRC."
World-first research breakthrough sparks new hope for bowel cancer patients (primary news source) Researchers at Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute discover a new roadmap to beating bowel cancer
TCF-1 limits intraepithelial lymphocyte antitumor immunity in colorectal carcinoma (no public access)
The authors. No diversity here (Caution: Irony)
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