Amazing stuff! Ötzi was apparently also suffering from male pattern baldness and perhaps even diabetes and obesity.
"In 2012, the low-coverage genome of the Tyrolean Iceman, or Ötzi, was published. The Iceman is one of the oldest human glacier mummies originally discovered in the Alps, likely living between 3350 and 3120 BCE. Wang et al. resequenced this individual using the latest sequencing techniques and found that recent human contamination introduced error into the original study. In contrast to the earlier work, their results showed that Ötzi had no Steppe-related ancestry, and probably came from an isolated Alpine community more closely related to Anatolian farmers, with some gene flow from hunter gatherers."
From the highlights and abstract:
"Highlights
• High-coverage genome of the Iceman
• Unusually high Anatolian-farmer-related ancestry
• Dark skin and likely bald
Summary
The Tyrolean Iceman is known as one of the oldest human glacier mummies, directly dated to 3350–3120 calibrated BCE. A previously published low-coverage genome provided novel insights into European prehistory, despite high present-day DNA contamination. Here, we generate a high-coverage genome with low contamination (15.3×) to gain further insights into the genetic history and phenotype of this individual. Contrary to previous studies, we found no detectable Steppe-related ancestry in the Iceman. Instead, he retained the highest Anatolian-farmer-related ancestry among contemporaneous European populations, indicating a rather isolated Alpine population with limited gene flow from hunter-gatherer-ancestry-related populations. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the Iceman likely had darker skin than present-day Europeans and carried risk alleles associated with male-pattern baldness, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-related metabolic syndrome. These results corroborate phenotypic observations of the preserved mummified body, such as high pigmentation of his skin and the absence of hair on his head."
High-coverage genome of the Tyrolean Iceman reveals unusually high Anatolian farmer ancestry (open access)
Graphical abstract:
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