Very recommendable! Amazing stuff! This is a long and comprehensive article!
I have little doubt that we are coming closer to finding the fountain of youth! Perhaps, we are only 10-20 years away!
"... a recent surge of investment in ventures seeking to build anti-aging interventions on the back of basic research into epigenetic reprogramming ...
The discovery of the ‘Yamanaka factors’ — four transcription factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4) that can reprogram a differentiated somatic cell into a pluripotent embryonic-like state — earned Kyoto University researcher Shinya Yamanaka a share of the Nobel prize in 2012. The finding, described in 2006, transformed stem cell research by providing a new source of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), that do not require human embryos for their derivation. But in recent years, Yamanaka factors have also become the focus for another burgeoning area: aging research. ...
So-called partial reprogramming consists in applying Yamanaka factors to cells for long enough to roll back cellular aging and repair tissues but without returning to pluripotency. Several groups, including those headed by Stanford University’s Vittorio Sebastiano, the Salk Institute’s Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte and Harvard Medical School’s David Sinclair (Table 1), have shown that partial reprogramming can dramatically reverse age-related phenotypes in the eye, muscle and other tissues in cultured mammalian cells and even rodent models by countering epigenetic changes associated with aging. ...
partial reprogramming could be potentially “transformative” when it comes to treating or even preventing age-related diseases ...
the biology of rejuvenation by reprogramming remains enigmatic and opaque, at best. ... “But much more research is needed to dig into the molecular and mechanistic processes that are occurring.” Given that fully reprogrammed iPSCs readily form tumors known as teratomas ...
Yamanaka’s technique, which can even generate biologically youthful stem cells from centenarian donors, has been extensively studied over the past 15 years. ... that most iPSC reprogramming comes down to rewriting epigenetic marks — chemical modifications of the genome, such as DNA and histone methylation, that influence which genes are active or quiescent and that tend to change as cells age. ...
In 2020, ... team reset the epigenome to restore vision in mice using the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver three Yamanaka genes ... The expression of the transcription factors in retinal ganglion cells reversed vision loss in mice, promoting axon regeneration after optic nerve injuries or glaucoma in aged mice. Critically, the researchers saw no sign of lost cellular identity, even when the three Yamanaka genes were continuously expressed. ..."
The discovery of the ‘Yamanaka factors’ — four transcription factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4) that can reprogram a differentiated somatic cell into a pluripotent embryonic-like state — earned Kyoto University researcher Shinya Yamanaka a share of the Nobel prize in 2012. The finding, described in 2006, transformed stem cell research by providing a new source of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), that do not require human embryos for their derivation. But in recent years, Yamanaka factors have also become the focus for another burgeoning area: aging research. ...
So-called partial reprogramming consists in applying Yamanaka factors to cells for long enough to roll back cellular aging and repair tissues but without returning to pluripotency. Several groups, including those headed by Stanford University’s Vittorio Sebastiano, the Salk Institute’s Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte and Harvard Medical School’s David Sinclair (Table 1), have shown that partial reprogramming can dramatically reverse age-related phenotypes in the eye, muscle and other tissues in cultured mammalian cells and even rodent models by countering epigenetic changes associated with aging. ...
partial reprogramming could be potentially “transformative” when it comes to treating or even preventing age-related diseases ...
the biology of rejuvenation by reprogramming remains enigmatic and opaque, at best. ... “But much more research is needed to dig into the molecular and mechanistic processes that are occurring.” Given that fully reprogrammed iPSCs readily form tumors known as teratomas ...
Yamanaka’s technique, which can even generate biologically youthful stem cells from centenarian donors, has been extensively studied over the past 15 years. ... that most iPSC reprogramming comes down to rewriting epigenetic marks — chemical modifications of the genome, such as DNA and histone methylation, that influence which genes are active or quiescent and that tend to change as cells age. ...
In 2020, ... team reset the epigenome to restore vision in mice using the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver three Yamanaka genes ... The expression of the transcription factors in retinal ganglion cells reversed vision loss in mice, promoting axon regeneration after optic nerve injuries or glaucoma in aged mice. Critically, the researchers saw no sign of lost cellular identity, even when the three Yamanaka genes were continuously expressed. ..."
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