Do women and men compete equally on a level playing field? An empirical investigation into the 2021 Olympic shooting competitions

This does not apply to sports like swimming or field & track or boxing and others!

Sure women could also very well compete with men playing e.g. chess or video games.

From the abstract:

"Due to physical differences between the genders, it is hard to study whether women also vary from men in their competitive drive in sports. The Olympic committee instituted major rule changes in the sport of shooting in the Tokyo Olympic Games (2021), leveling the playing field. We explored performance in a myriad of competitions including newly established mixed-gender doubles events in this unique sport of very limited physical input. Men performed better than women in events which required “dynamic” qualities (following moving targets) but when the competitions were held most constant (rifle shooting with stationary targets indoors) and regardless of distance or posture, women performed equally to men exhibiting seemingly similar competitive drive. The last finding should propel the Olympic committee to fully integrate rifle events. In the broader sense, we find that when the playing field is even, the genders, at least among highly trained selective competitors compete equally."

Do women and men compete equally on a level playing field? An empirical investigation into the 2021 Olympic shooting competitions | PLOS ONE (open access)