Very recommendable! Amazing stuff! Well written overview article!
So we still know little about water, carbon, and the carbon cycle, but are to believe the Global Warming Hoax and Climate Change Religion?
"... In 1985, they had their first answer. A group of chemists discovered little hollow spheres constructed of 60 carbon atoms that they dubbed buckminsterfullerenes, or buckyballs or fullerenes for short. (The crystals resembled geodesic domes, popularized by the architect R. Buckminster Fuller.) A new field of chemistry sprang up around the nanometer-wide spheres, as researchers raced to discover properties and applications of what’s been called the most beautiful molecule. ...
Then, a few years later, a paper by the Japanese physicist Sumio Iijima sparked interest in a related carbon form, initially dubbed buckytubes but now known as carbon nanotubes: hollow cylinders made of a honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms that’s rolled up like a toilet paper tube. ...
Then in 2004, the physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov found a way to isolate flat sheets of carbon atoms — a crystal known as graphene ...
Recently, chemists discovered yet another type of carbon crystal ...
Fullertubes combine the best features of fullerenes and nanotubes. Or the worst of both. ...
In 2020, Stevenson and collaborators announced the first member of the fullertube family, a 90-atom molecule that’s essentially two halves of a buckyball connected by a 30-atom nanotube midsection. They found the molecule along with two larger siblings made of 96 and 100 carbon atoms, respectively. ...
This year, [2022], [researchers] described two more fullertubes, both consisting of 120 carbon atoms. Their studies show that the narrower of these pill-shaped molecules is electrically conductive, while the wider, shorter one is — intriguingly — a semiconductor, meaning it could potentially be used for transistors and other electronic devices. Fullertubes also have a range of optical and tensile properties that the researchers are still exploring. ..."
Then, a few years later, a paper by the Japanese physicist Sumio Iijima sparked interest in a related carbon form, initially dubbed buckytubes but now known as carbon nanotubes: hollow cylinders made of a honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms that’s rolled up like a toilet paper tube. ...
Then in 2004, the physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov found a way to isolate flat sheets of carbon atoms — a crystal known as graphene ...
Recently, chemists discovered yet another type of carbon crystal ...
Fullertubes combine the best features of fullerenes and nanotubes. Or the worst of both. ...
In 2020, Stevenson and collaborators announced the first member of the fullertube family, a 90-atom molecule that’s essentially two halves of a buckyball connected by a 30-atom nanotube midsection. They found the molecule along with two larger siblings made of 96 and 100 carbon atoms, respectively. ...
This year, [2022], [researchers] described two more fullertubes, both consisting of 120 carbon atoms. Their studies show that the narrower of these pill-shaped molecules is electrically conductive, while the wider, shorter one is — intriguingly — a semiconductor, meaning it could potentially be used for transistors and other electronic devices. Fullertubes also have a range of optical and tensile properties that the researchers are still exploring. ..."
Steven Stevenson, a chemist ... holds a model of a fullertube, a kind of carbon crystal he discovered in 2020.
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