I have my doubts about this meta study! Nice catchy headline, but does it hold up under scrutiny? Caveat: I did not have the time to read the whole research article.
It almost appears the authors of this study were determined to show publication bias:
"I [second author of the study] think publication bias is a massive issue in science in general. And this is because we have preconceived ideas of what we expect to find. I think if you ask almost everyone: ‘do you think animals should avoid mating with a relative?’ The answer is, ‘yes, of course, most likely.’ ..."
This quote is at the top, just below the abstract, of the research article:
"“We consider it a real possibility that the perception of ubiquitous inbreeding avoidance in nature follows from a mistaken view that it is the theoretical expectation.”"
"... Here, we synthesized 677 effect sizes from 139 experimental studies of mate choice for kin versus non-kin in diploid animals, representing 40 years of research, using a meta-analytical approach. Our meta-analysis revealed little support for the widely held view that animals avoid mating with kin, despite clear evidence of publication bias. Instead, unbiased mating with regards to kinship appears widespread across animals and experimental conditions. ...
Our findings highlight the need to rethink the widely held view that inbreeding avoidance is a given in experimental studies."
Our findings highlight the need to rethink the widely held view that inbreeding avoidance is a given in experimental studies."
Here is the link to the underlying research article:
Meta-analytic evidence that animals rarely avoid inbreeding (no public access, but The Scientist article contains link to PDF file)
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