This article by the Canadian Museum of Human Rights is highly dubious and questionable!
Did you know that Slavery was abolished in state of Vermont, USA in 1777?
Or that slaves from Canada ran away across border to Vermont, USA?
Samples of dubious and questionable excerpts:
- "... Slavery in what is now Canada predates the arrival of Europeans, with some Indigenous peoples enslaving prisoners taken in war. Europeans brought a different kind of slavery to North America, however. Unlike Indigenous people, Europeans saw enslaved people less as human beings and more as property that could be bought and sold. ..."
Of course, when indigenous peoples take slaves that is so different from slavery by Europeans! Sounds like the Noble Savage? What a nonsense! - "... Europeans viewed slavery in racial terms, with Indigenous and African people serving and white people ruling as masters ..."
What a rubbish and nonsense! And indigenous peoples or African peoples? - "The transatlantic slave trade helped shape the presence and role of slavery in Canadian history. ... European merchants ... In Africa, they would exchange their goods for enslaved people and then transport them to the Americas, often in cramped and inhumane conditions ... Slavers saw their trade from a purely economic standpoint and viewed enslaved people as just another set of “goods” they could transport and sell. With this mentality, slavers denied the fundamental human rights ..."
What about all the Africans who were involved selling other Africans as slaves? What about the involvement of Muslims/Arabs? What a baloney! Somebody was trying hard to make some artificial distinctions about slavery and to demonize the Europeans!
"... The practice of slavery among Indigenous groups in Canada varied from one group to another. ...
... the Code noir (Black Code), a slavery rulebook from 1743 brought from France to Canada. Although there is no evidence the Code Noir was formally proclaimed in New France, it appears to have been used as customary law. ...
The colony of New France, founded in the early 1600s, was the first major settlement in what is now Canada. Slavery was a common practice in the territory. When New France was conquered by the British in 1759, records revealed that approximately 3,600 enslaved people had lived in the settlement since its beginnings. The vast majority of them were Indigenous (often called Panis), but Black enslaved people were also present because of the transatlantic slave trade. ...
Slavery continued after the British conquest of New France in 1763. The territory was eventually renamed British North America, and Black enslaved people came to replace Indigenous enslaved people. Compared to the United States, enslaved people made up a much smaller proportion of the population in British North America. This means that some of the worst traits of slavery in America, such as the employment of overseers and the horrible practice of forcing enslaved people to reproduce, did not happen in what is now Canada. [Was the author trying to say there were no plantations in Canada?] ...
Most wills [in Canada] from the time treated enslaved people as nothing more than property, passing on ownership of human beings the same as they would furniture, cattle or land. Defiant or troublesome enslaved people were often severely punished. Physical and sexual abuse was always a very real threat. [Ah, in the U.S. they were forced to reproduce, but in Canada there was only a threat of sexual abuse.] ...
Enslaved people often resisted the institution of slavery. They fought back in many different ways: by asserting their humanity in the face of a system that wished to deny it to them, by running away from masters or by assisting other runaways. In fact, in 1777, a number of enslaved people escaped from British North America into the state of Vermont, which had abolished slavery in that same year. ...
In British North America, if Black enslaved people were freed, they often still had to work as indentured servants for several years. ...
By the late 1700s, attitudes to slavery among the free population of British North America were beginning to change. On March 25, 1807, the slave trade was abolished throughout the British Empire – of which British North America was a part – making it illegal to buy or sell human beings and ending much of the transatlantic trade. Slavery itself was abolished everywhere in the British Empire in 1834. ...
Some Canadian jurisdictions had already taken measures to restrict or end slavery by that time. In 1793 Upper Canada (now Ontario) passed the Anti‐slavery Act. The law freed enslaved people aged 25 and over and made it illegal to bring enslaved people into Upper Canada. On Prince Edward Island, the complete abolition of slavery was pronounced by the legislature on 1825 ..."
... the Code noir (Black Code), a slavery rulebook from 1743 brought from France to Canada. Although there is no evidence the Code Noir was formally proclaimed in New France, it appears to have been used as customary law. ...
The colony of New France, founded in the early 1600s, was the first major settlement in what is now Canada. Slavery was a common practice in the territory. When New France was conquered by the British in 1759, records revealed that approximately 3,600 enslaved people had lived in the settlement since its beginnings. The vast majority of them were Indigenous (often called Panis), but Black enslaved people were also present because of the transatlantic slave trade. ...
Slavery continued after the British conquest of New France in 1763. The territory was eventually renamed British North America, and Black enslaved people came to replace Indigenous enslaved people. Compared to the United States, enslaved people made up a much smaller proportion of the population in British North America. This means that some of the worst traits of slavery in America, such as the employment of overseers and the horrible practice of forcing enslaved people to reproduce, did not happen in what is now Canada. [Was the author trying to say there were no plantations in Canada?] ...
Most wills [in Canada] from the time treated enslaved people as nothing more than property, passing on ownership of human beings the same as they would furniture, cattle or land. Defiant or troublesome enslaved people were often severely punished. Physical and sexual abuse was always a very real threat. [Ah, in the U.S. they were forced to reproduce, but in Canada there was only a threat of sexual abuse.] ...
Enslaved people often resisted the institution of slavery. They fought back in many different ways: by asserting their humanity in the face of a system that wished to deny it to them, by running away from masters or by assisting other runaways. In fact, in 1777, a number of enslaved people escaped from British North America into the state of Vermont, which had abolished slavery in that same year. ...
In British North America, if Black enslaved people were freed, they often still had to work as indentured servants for several years. ...
By the late 1700s, attitudes to slavery among the free population of British North America were beginning to change. On March 25, 1807, the slave trade was abolished throughout the British Empire – of which British North America was a part – making it illegal to buy or sell human beings and ending much of the transatlantic trade. Slavery itself was abolished everywhere in the British Empire in 1834. ...
Some Canadian jurisdictions had already taken measures to restrict or end slavery by that time. In 1793 Upper Canada (now Ontario) passed the Anti‐slavery Act. The law freed enslaved people aged 25 and over and made it illegal to bring enslaved people into Upper Canada. On Prince Edward Island, the complete abolition of slavery was pronounced by the legislature on 1825 ..."
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