Medicine is plagued by untrustworthy clinical trials. How many studies are faked or flawed?

As if we had not known it for some time! 

Make no mistake, the situation in other sciences is often not much better. E.g. some of the machine learning & AI research is also difficult to scrutinize or evaluate by third parties.

Remember: Climate models are largely junk too!

"... Over three years, he scrutinized more than 500 studies.

For more than 150 trials, Carlisle got access to anonymized individual participant data (IPD). By studying the IPD spreadsheets, he judged that 44% of these trials contained at least some flawed data: impossible statistics, incorrect calculations or duplicated numbers or figures, for instance. And 26% of the papers had problems that were so widespread that the trial was impossible to trust, he judged — either because the authors were incompetent, or because they had faked the data. ..."

Medicine is plagued by untrustworthy clinical trials. How many studies are faked or flawed? Investigations suggest that, in some fields, at least one-quarter of clinical trials might be problematic or even entirely made up, warn some researchers. They urge stronger scrutiny.