Transfusion of brain fluid from young mice to old mice improves memory

Good news! This is already rejuvenating my old memory! 😄
When will we have memory boosters for all ages not only for old age?

"... But researchers at Stanford University discovered that if you transfuse cerebrospinal fluid from a young mouse into an old one, it will recover its former powers of recall and freeze in anticipation. They also identified a protein in that cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, that penetrates into the hippocampus, where it drives improvements in memory. ...
suggests that youthful factors circulating in the CSF, or drugs that target the same pathways, might be tapped to slow the cognitive declines of old age. ...
“This is the first study that demonstrates real improvement in cognitive function with CSF infusion, and so that’s what makes it a real milestone,” ...
Only in the last 10 years have researchers begun to probe whether the CSF is more than just a passive chemical current and in fact has an active role to play in directing development and maintaining brain health. ...
In 2014, [researchers] showed that an influx of young blood improved memory and learning in middle-aged mice using a technique that involved stitching young mice to old ones, and fusing their blood vessels to create a two-animal circuit. ...
used single-cell RNA sequencing to pry open the memory centers of these mice, the hippocampus, where they found about 270 genes whose expression had changed in response to the young CSF. They saw the biggest changes in a specific type of cell called oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin — a fat and protein-rich material that coats the connections between neurons. ...
a promising candidate, a fibroblast growth factor called Fgf17, which triggers oligodendrocyte proliferation in young mice and decreases expression as they get older. When they infused just Fgf17 into the CSF of aged mice, they saw similar memory improvements as with the young CSF. Finally, they infused young mice with an anti-Fgf17 antibody to block their cells from taking it up, which impaired their recall and decreased their performance in a maze challenge ..."

From the abstract:

"Recent understanding of how the systemic environment shapes the brain throughout life has led to numerous intervention strategies to slow brain ageing. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) makes up the immediate environment of brain cells, providing them with nourishing compounds. We discovered that infusing young CSF directly into aged brains improves memory function. Unbiased transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus identified oligodendrocytes to be most responsive to this rejuvenated CSF environment. We further showed that young CSF boosts oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation in the aged hippocampus and in primary OPC cultures. Using SLAMseq to metabolically label nascent mRNA, we identified serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor that drives actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, as a mediator of OPC proliferation following exposure to young CSF. With age, SRF expression decreases in hippocampal OPCs, and the pathway is induced by acute injection with young CSF. We screened for potential SRF activators in CSF and found that fibroblast growth factor 17 (Fgf17) infusion is sufficient to induce OPC proliferation and long-term memory consolidation in aged mice while Fgf17 blockade impairs cognition in young mice. These findings demonstrate the rejuvenating power of young CSF and identify Fgf17 as a key target to restore oligodendrocyte function in the ageing brain."

Transfusion of brain fluid from young mice improves memory in old mice

Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17 (no public access. Article above contains link to PDF)