Posted: 8/1/2015 Updated: 5/3/2019, 8/22/15
Update Of 5/3/2019
Quote (emphasis added): “I’ve been saying for years that surface temperature
measurements (and long term trends) have been affected by encroachment of urbanization on the placement of weather stations used to measure surface air temperature, and track long term climate”
The above article refers to following, recent research paper:
Impacts of Small-Scale Urban Encroachment on Air Temperature Observations (published 5/2/19 by the American Meteorological Society)
Excerpt (emphasis added): “A field experiment was performed in Oak Ridge,
TN, with four instrumented towers placed over grass at increasing distances
(4, 30, 50, 124, and 300 m) from a built-up area. Stations were aligned in such
a way to simulate the impact of small-scale encroachment on temperature
observations. As expected, temperature observations were warmest for
the site closest to the built environment with an average temperature
difference of 0.31 and 0.24 °Cfor aspirated and unaspirated sensors respectively. Mean aspirated
temperature differences were greater during the evening (0.47 °C) than
day (0.16 °C). ...
The experimental findings were comparable to a known case of urban
encroachment at a U. S. Climate Reference Network station in
Kingston, RI. The experimental and operational results both lead to reductions in the
diurnal temperature range of ~0.39 °C for fan aspirated sensors
”
Update Of 8/22/15
According to this article The Latest Climate Kerfuffle, NOAA refuses to correct the history of faulty temperature measurements
at Reagan National Airport, although NOAA admits that the temperature
sensor was defect for at least 1.5 years (i.e. Jan. 2014 through Jul. 2015) .
Guess what, this sensor measured too high temperatures by about
2 degrees Fahrenheit on average per day.
Trigger
Just read this piece by the Cato Institute The Progressive Increase of the
Urban Heat Island’s Influence on Temperature Records. Hereon urban heat island effect will be abbreviated as UHIE.
Quotes (emphasis added):
- “One particular issue in this regard is the urban heat island effect, a phenomenon by which urban structures artificially warm background air temperatures above what they normally would be in a non-urbanized environment. The urban influence on a given station’s temperature record can be quite profound. In large cities, for example, urban-induced heating can be as great as Tokyo’s 10°C, making it all the more difficult to detect and discern a CO2-induced global warming signal in the temperature record, especially since the putative warming of non-urbanized areas of the planet over the past century is believed to be less than 1°C. ”
- “Yet, because nearly all long-term temperature records have been obtained from sensors initially located in towns and cities that have experienced significant growth over the past century, it is extremely important that urbanization-induced warming – which can be a full order of magnitude greater than the background trend being sought – be removed from the original temperature records when attempting to accurately assess the true warming (or cooling!) of the natural non-urban environment. A new study by Founda et al. (2015) suggests this may not be so simple or straightforward a task.”
Implications
- This is another major reason why we should be extremely sceptical about global warming temperature data, historical (like the almost annual ritual of publicly declaring each year the hottest in history) and forecasted.
- That CO2, methane and other alleged greenhouse gases are likely a red herring
- That Global Warming Activists have reportedly manipulated surface temperature data by including more urban measuring stations and eliminating rural stations (this was reported for e.g. the U.S. and for Russia stations)
- That the adjustments used by scientists to eliminate or reduces UHIE effects are either insufficient or deliberately inaccurate
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