Tuesday, April 12, 2022

Light, oxygen turn waste plastics into useful benzoic acid

Human ingenuity can deal with plastic recycling! 

What would humanity do without plastics? 

What are the options:
  1. Invent better materials to replace plastics
  2. Develop recycling methods

Don't believe the decades old alarmism and hysteria about plastics! It's case of plastophobia!

"... many ... common products are composed of polystyrene, a type of plastic that makes up a third of landfill waste worldwide. ...
discovered a new path for polystyrene waste that includes being upcycled into benzoic acid, a chemical with wide commercial demand, through a mild process that uses light, an oxygen-rich environment and an abundant iron-based catalyst. The reaction can even take place in a sunny window. ...
Moreover, the process is tolerant of additives inherent in a flow of consumer waste, including dirt, dyes and other types of plastics. ...
The researchers found that optimized conditions require a polystyrene sample in acetone exposed to LED light in an oxygen-rich environment, using an iron chloride catalyst for 20 hours. In the optimized process, PS broke down to 23% benzoic acid. Other products included smaller plastic molecules that can be repurposed in other ways. ...
To demonstrate scalability and potential commercial application, the researchers created a setup with two syringe pumps and two LED lamps in a 3D-printed photoreactor. The efficiency of the breakdown process at the large scale was similar to that in small batches. ..."

From the abstract:
"Chemical upcycling of polystyrene into targeted small molecules is desirable to reduce plastic pollution. Herein, we report the upcycling of polystyrene to benzoyl products, primarily benzoic acid, using a catalyst-controlled photooxidative degradation method. FeCl3 undergoes a homolytic cleavage upon irradiation with white light to generate a chlorine radical, abstracting an electron-rich hydrogen atom on the polymer backbone. Under the oxygen-rich environment, high MW polystyrene (>90 kg/mol) degrades down to <1 kg/mol and produces up to 23 mol % benzoyl products. A series of mechanistic studies showed that chlorine radicals promoted the degradation via hydrogen-atom abstraction. Commercial polystyrene degrades efficiently in our method, showing the compatibility of our system with polymer fillers. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of scaling up our approach in a photoflow process to convert gram quantities of PS to benzoic acid."


Light, oxygen turn waste plastics into useful benzoic acid | Cornell Chronicle

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