Amazing stuff! Two waves of devastating migrant invasions!
"Through meticulous DNA analysis of ancient skeletons and teeth, a team of international researchers led by Lund University in Sweden has unearthed startling revelations about the region’s prehistoric inhabitants.
Some 5,900 years ago, as the first farmers set foot in Scandinavia, the era of hunter-gatherers — those who had lived off the land through gathering, hunting, and fishing — came to a brutal and abrupt end. Contrary to what we previously believed, this transition was marked by violence and disease, leading to the near-complete disappearance of the hunter-gatherer communities within just a few generations. ...
This study explores how the population in Denmark changed over 7,300 years, from ancient hunter-gatherers to early farmers and Bronze Age societies. The researchers looked at DNA from 100 ancient individuals to understand these changes. ...
A millennium later, a second wave of change washed over Scandinavia. This time, people with genetic roots in the Yamnaya culture from southern Russia, known for their livestock herding and semi-nomadic lifestyle, swept through the region. These newcomers, with robust physiques and a mobile way of life facilitated by horses and carts, replaced the farming communities that had previously ousted the hunter-gatherers. ..."
This study explores how the population in Denmark changed over 7,300 years, from ancient hunter-gatherers to early farmers and Bronze Age societies. The researchers looked at DNA from 100 ancient individuals to understand these changes. ...
The study found dramatic changes in the population’s genetic makeup, indicating migrations and massive shifts in culture and lifestyle.
Researchers highlighted not one, but two significant population turnovers in Denmark over the last 7,300 years. The first was the arrival of the farmers, who brought with them new ways of living as well as new diseases, likely from livestock, that the native hunter-gatherers were ill-equipped to withstand.
"... The people who settled in our climes were a mix between Yamnaya and Eastern European Neolithic people. This genetic profile is dominant in today’s Denmark, whereas the DNA profile of the first farmer population has been essentially erased. ..."
From the abstract:
"Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use."
Scandinavia’s first farmers slaughtered the hunter-gatherer population (Lund University) Following the arrival of the first farmers in Scandinavia 5,900 years ago, the hunter-gatherer population was wiped out within a few generations, according to a new study from Lund University in Sweden, among others. The results, which are contrary to prevailing opinion, are based on DNA analysis of skeletons and teeth found in what is now Denmark.
The Porsmose man from the Neolithic period, killed by two arrows with bone tips
Fig. 1: Overview of dataset.
Fig. 2: Identity-by-descent sharing patterns in ancient Danish individuals from circa 10,500–3000 cal. BP.
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