Update: Just found this NASA article about this event: Tonga Eruption Blasted Unprecedented Amount of Water Into Stratosphere. "In Brief:
The huge amount of water vapor hurled into the atmosphere, as detected by NASA’s Microwave Limb Sounder, could end up temporarily warming Earth’s surface."
Is this perhaps a major explanation for the hot sommer of the northern hemisphere and very warm winter of the southern hemisphere of 2023? Is it possible that this time the eruption causes warming instead of cooling, perhaps because it was a submarine volcano?
Why did we learn so little about it?
It appears that this massive submarine volcano eruption is perhaps comparable to Krakatoa 1883 (cooling the entire Earth by an average of 0.6°C for months to come) or Tambora 1815 ("year without a summer"). Both of these historic massive eruptions caused extreme temporary climate changes.
"... In the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated at least a VEI-5. ..."
An image from Jan. 16, 2022, shows the ash plume from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption that occurred the day before. An astronaut took a photograph of the plume from the International Space Station.
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