Amazing stuff! Good news for all suffering from allergies!
"As if immune cells weren’t already weird enough, researchers studying allergic responses in mice have spotted something completely unexpected ... the phenomenon was completely unexpected. ...
“ ... living neutrophils were sitting inside living mast cells,” ...
“This new understanding of how mast cells and neutrophils work together adds a whole new layer to our knowledge of allergic reactions and inflammation.
“It shows that mast cells can use neutrophils to boost their own capabilities – an aspect that could have implications for chronic allergic conditions where inflammation occurs repeatedly.” ..."
"Known for their role in allergic reactions, mast cells have long been recognised as key players in our immune system. When they encounter allergens, they release chemicals that trigger typical allergy symptoms such as tissue swelling and inflammation. Now, researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics ... have discovered a hidden talent of mast cells: they can capture and use another type of immune cell called neutrophils. This surprising discovery sheds new light on how our immune system works, particularly during allergic reactions."
From the highlights and absract:
"Highlights
• MCs [mast cells] induce neutrophil swarms upon IgE-mediated degranulation in tissues
• Living neutrophils are trapped by MCs and form a cell-in-cell structure
• MITs show increased functional and metabolic fitness
• MITs are more pro-inflammatory and can exocytose active neutrophilic compounds
Summary
Neutrophils are sentinel immune cells with essential roles for antimicrobial defense. Most of our knowledge on neutrophil tissue navigation derived from wounding and infection models, whereas allergic conditions remained largely neglected. Here, we analyzed allergen-challenged mouse tissues and discovered that degranulating mast cells (MCs) trap living neutrophils inside them. MCs release the attractant leukotriene B4 to re-route neutrophils toward them, thus exploiting a chemotactic system that neutrophils normally use for intercellular communication. After MC intracellular trap (MIT) formation, neutrophils die, but their undigested material remains inside MC vacuoles over days. MCs benefit from MIT formation, increasing their functional and metabolic fitness. Additionally, they are more pro-inflammatory and can exocytose active neutrophilic compounds with a time delay (nexocytosis), eliciting a type 1 interferon response in surrounding macrophages. Together, our study highlights neutrophil trapping and nexocytosis as MC-mediated processes, which may relay neutrophilic features over the course of chronic allergic inflammation."
Allergy Cells’ Hidden Secret (original press release) "How mast cells trap and use living neutrophils during allergic reactions"
Neutrophil trapping and nexocytosis, mast cell-mediated processes for inflammatory signal relay (open access)
Graphical summary
This scanning electron microscopy image captures the moment where degranulating mast cells (pseudo-coloured in sepia) attract and start to incorporate living neutrophils (pseudo-coloured in cyan), forming cell-in-cell structures where mast cells trap living neutrophils inside them.
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