Showing posts with label Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 20, 2025

Meta releases huge chemistry research data set and model

Good news! This could be a huge boost for chemistry research!

"Meta released a new data set called Open Molecules 2025 (OMol25), created through 6 billion compute hours and 100 million quantum mechanical calculations. The company also introduced UMA (Universal Frontier model for Atoms), an AI model that performs molecular calculations 10,000 times faster than traditional methods. Meta developed these tools with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Princeton University, Genentech, Stanford, and other research institutions. The data covers four areas: small molecules, biomolecules, metal complexes, and electrolytes, with potential applications in drug development and battery technology. ..."

From the abstract:
"Machine learning (ML) models hold the promise of transforming atomic simulations by delivering quantum chemical accuracy at a fraction of the computational cost. Realization of this potential would enable high-throughout, high-accuracy molecular screening campaigns to explore vast regions of chemical space and facilitate ab initio simulations at sizes and time scales that were previously inaccessible. However, a fundamental challenge to creating ML models that perform well across molecular chemistry is the lack of comprehensive data for training.
Despite substantial efforts in data generation, no large-scale molecular dataset exists that combines broad chemical diversity with a high level of accuracy.
To address this gap, Meta FAIR introduces Open Molecules 2025 (OMol25), a large-scale dataset composed of more than 100 million density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B97M-V/def2-TZVPD level of theory, representing billions of CPU core-hours of compute.
OMol25 uniquely blends elemental, chemical, and structural diversity including: 83 elements, a wide-range of intra- and intermolecular interactions, explicit solvation, variable charge/spin, conformers, and reactive structures.
There are ~83M unique molecular systems in OMol25 covering small molecules, biomolecules, metal complexes, and electrolytes, including structures obtained from existing datasets. OMol25 also greatly expands on the size of systems typically included in DFT datasets, with systems of up to 350 atoms.
In addition to the public release of the data, we provide baseline models and a comprehensive set of model evaluations to encourage community engagement in developing the next-generation ML models for molecular chemistry."

How Mayo Clinic radiologists have embraced artificial intelligence


Computational Chemistry Unlocked: A Record-Breaking Dataset to Train AI Models has Launched "Accurate simulations of complex chemistry are finally within reach"



A visual overview of OMol25, including chemical scope, sampling strategies used to construct structures, chemical phenomena we seek to capture, properties available for each datapoint, and envisioned application areas. 



Thursday, October 31, 2024

Scientists discover a promising way to create new superheavy elements

Good news! Amazing stuff!

"... The heaviest abundant element known to exist is uranium, with 92 protons (the atomic number "Z"). But scientists have succeeded in synthesizing superheavy elements up to oganesson, with a Z of 118. Immediately before it are livermorium, with 116 protons and tennessine, which has 117.

All have short half-lives—the amount of time for half of an assembly of the element's atoms to decay—usually less than a second and some as short as a microsecond. Creating and detecting such elements is not easy and requires powerful particle accelerators and elaborate measurements.

But the typical way of producing high-Z elements is reaching its limit. In response, a group of scientists from the United States and Europe have come up with a new method to produce superheavy elements beyond the dominant existing technique. ...

Theoretical models of the nucleus have successfully predicted the production rates of superheavy elements below oganesson using actinide targets and beams of isotopes heavier than 48-calcium. These models also agree that to produce elements with Z=119 and Z=120, beams of 50-titanium would work best, having the highest cross sections. ...

Using the 88-Inch Cyclotron accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the team produced a beam that averaged 6 trillion titanium ions per second that exited the cyclotron. These impacted the plutonium target, which had a circular area of 12.2 cm, over a 22-day period. Making a slew of measurements, they determined that 290-livermorium had been produced via two different nuclear decay chains.

"This is the first reported production of a SHE [superheavy element] near the predicted island of stability with a beam other than 48-calcium," they concluded. The reaction cross section, or probability of interaction, did decrease, as was expected with heavier beam isotopes, but "success of this measurement validates that discoveries of new SHE are indeed within experimental reach."

The discovery represents the first time a collision of non-magic nuclei has shown the potential to create other superheavy atoms and isotopes (both), hopefully paving the way for future discoveries. About 110 isotopes of superheavy elements are known to exist, but another 50 are expected to be out there, waiting to be uncovered by new techniques such as this."

"... In practice, of course, it’s incredibly difficult. It can take trillions of interactions before two atoms fuse successfully, and there are limitations on what elements can reasonably be turned into a particle beam or target. ..."

From the abstract:
"The 244 Pu ⁢(50 Ti ,𝑥⁢𝑛)⁢ 294−𝑥 Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s 88-Inch Cyclotron. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with 𝑍≥114 by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than  48 Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal-plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of  290 Lv. The production cross section was measured to be 𝜎prod=0.44(+0.58−0.28)  pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3) MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the “island of stability,” with a beam of  50 Ti  and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond 𝑍=118."

Scientists discover a promising way to create new superheavy elements



To make element 116, researchers fused isotopes of titanium and plutonium. 


Thursday, June 20, 2024

New technology provides electrifying insights into how catalysts work at the atomic level

Good news! Amazing stuff!

"... The scientists have developed a cell—a small enclosed chamber that can hold all the components of an electrochemical reaction—that can be paired with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to generate precise views of a reaction at an atomic scale. Better yet, their device, which they call a polymer liquid cell (PLC), can be frozen to stop the reaction at specific timepoints, so scientists can observe composition changes at each stage of a reaction with other characterization tools. ..."

From the abstract:
"Electrified solid–liquid interfaces (ESLIs) play a key role in various electrochemical processes relevant to energy, biology and geochemistry. The electron and mass transport at the electrified interfaces may result in structural modifications that markedly influence the reaction pathways. For example, electrocatalyst surface restructuring during reactions can substantially affect the catalysis mechanisms and reaction products. Despite its importance, direct probing the atomic dynamics of solid–liquid interfaces under electric biasing is challenging owing to the nature of being buried in liquid electrolytes and the limited spatial resolution of current techniques for in situ imaging through liquids. Here, with our development of advanced polymer electrochemical liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we are able to directly monitor the atomic dynamics of ESLIs during copper (Cu)-catalysed CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2ERs). Our observation reveals a fluctuating liquid-like amorphous interphase. It undergoes reversible crystalline–amorphous structural transformations and flows along the electrified Cu surface, thus mediating the crystalline Cu surface restructuring and mass loss through the interphase layer. The combination of real-time observation and theoretical calculations unveils an amorphization-mediated restructuring mechanism resulting from charge-activated surface reactions with the electrolyte. Our results open many opportunities to explore the atomic dynamics and its impact in broad systems involving ESLIs by taking advantage of the in situ imaging capability."

New technology provides electrifying insights into how catalysts work at the atomic level

New Technology Provides Electrifying Insights into How Catalysts Work at the Atomic Level (original news release) An approach developed by materials scientists is already yielding discoveries that could improve the efficiency and durability of metallic catalysts used in a variety of processes



Researchers look at the results of measurements obtained using their new technology, which pairs with powerful microscopes at Berkeley Lab's National Center for Electron Microscopy. 


A schematic showing the different components of the polymer liquid cell (PLC) that the team developed.


Friday, June 07, 2019

The LGBTQ Livermore National Laboratory

Posted: 6/7/2019

Today (6/7/19), I came across following posting on my Facebook page from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Livermore Pride

“The forum is just one of many events hosted by Livermore Pride, LLNL’s LGBT+ employee group, during Pride Month. The groups works every month to foster community and create a welcoming environment for everyone at the Lab.”
As a heterosexual, I do not feel welcome!

Not to be outdone, LLNL also has an Office of Strategic Diversity and Inclusion. What a waste of taxpayers money!

The world famous taxpayer funded federal research facility LLNL with a budget of $1.5 bn has a LGBTQ group established. What should be done off work as a leisure activity is done at work at taxpayers expense?

Oh, this obsession with LGBTQ affairs! This is not science! This is quite counterproductive! This outsize influence of minority groups on a major research facility is beyond comprehension!

The special status and privileges enjoyed by this minority group at a federal institution is offensive to and discriminates against all heterosexual employees!

High time for President Trump to intervene and save taxpayers’ dollars!